Ephesus: Walking Through the Ancient Marvel of Turkey

Few places in the world bring history to life quite like Ephesus. Once a thriving Greek, Roman, and Byzantine city, this UNESCO-listed archaeological wonder is one of the best-preserved ancient cities in the Mediterranean. Walking through its marble streets, past grand temples, magnificent theaters, and centuries-old mosaics, you can almost hear the echoes of merchants, philosophers, and emperors who once roamed its avenues.

Located near the modern town of Selçuk, Ephesus is a must-visit for anyone fascinated by history, architecture, and the wonders of the ancient world. Let’s explore the highlights of this legendary city.

The Library of Celsus: A Masterpiece of the Ancient World

The majestic facade of the Library of Celsus in Ephesus, with its grand columns and intricately carved details, stands proudly against a clear blue sky, symbolizing the splendor of ancient Roman architecture.

Perhaps the most iconic structure in Ephesus, the Library of Celsus was once the third-largest library in the ancient world, after those in Alexandria and Pergamon. Built in 117 AD in honor of Tiberius Julius Celsus, a Roman governor, this two-story marvel once housed over 12,000 scrolls.

What Makes It Special?

• Its ornate façade, featuring four statues representing wisdom, knowledge, intelligence, and virtue.

• The illusion of greater height created by the slightly curved columns.

• The underground tomb of Celsus, making it both a library and a mausoleum.

Standing before the Library of Celsus at sunset, when the golden light illuminates its carvings, is an unforgettable experience.

The Great Theatre: Where 25,000 Voices Once Roared

Ancient grandeur meets natural beauty at the Great Theatre of Ephesus, where the stone seating and open skies create a timeless amphitheater experience.

The Great Theatre of Ephesus is one of the largest and best-preserved ancient theaters in the world. Originally built during the Hellenistic period, it was expanded by the Romans to seat 25,000 spectators. This massive amphitheater hosted plays, political speeches, gladiator fights, and even riots, including the famous one mentioned in the Bible’s Book of Acts when the apostle Paul’s teachings angered the silversmiths of Artemis.

Why Visit?

• The steep, semi-circular design offers fantastic acoustics—stand in the center and try speaking!

• The panoramic view from the top seats is breathtaking.

• Imagine the thunderous cheers of the crowds as gladiators fought or performers took the stage.

Even today, this ancient theater occasionally hosts concerts and performances, proving that Ephesus is still alive with culture.

Curetes Street: The Heart of Ancient Ephesus

Curetes Street in Ephesus, lined with ancient columns and ruins, stretches under a clear blue sky, offering a glimpse into the rich history of this iconic archaeological site.

This main street of Ephesus connected the Library of Celsus to the Temple of Artemis, lined with marble-paved walkways, colonnades, and elaborate fountains. It was once bustling with philosophers, merchants, and noble citizens.

Highlights Along Curetes Street:

• The Hadrian Temple – A small but intricately carved temple dedicated to Emperor Hadrian.

• The Fountain of Trajan – A grand public fountain with reliefs honoring Emperor Trajan.

• Terrace Houses – Luxury Roman homes with beautiful frescoes and mosaics (extra entrance fee required, but worth it!).

Walking along Curetes Street feels like stepping back in time, as you follow the same path once taken by Roman senators, traders, and scholars.

The Temple of Artemis: A Lost Wonder of the World

Once considered one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, the Temple of Artemis was a massive Greek temple dedicated to Artemis, the goddess of hunting and fertility. Though little remains today beyond a few columns, it was once four times the size of the Parthenon in Athens and a center of worship and pilgrimage.

What to See Today:

• The remaining lone column, marking the temple’s original location.

• The stunning view of Selçuk Castle and St. John’s Basilica in the background.

• The site’s historical significance as one of the greatest temples of antiquity.

Though the Temple of Artemis no longer stands in its full glory, visiting its site is a powerful reminder of the impermanence of even the grandest civilizations.

The House of the Virgin Mary: A Place of Pilgrimage

A short drive from Ephesus, the House of the Virgin Mary (Meryem Ana Evi) is believed to be the final home of Mary, the mother of Jesus. According to tradition, St. John brought Mary here after the crucifixion of Jesus, where she spent her last years in prayer and peace.

Why Visit?

• A tranquil, spiritual atmosphere, regardless of religious beliefs.

• A sacred water spring, where visitors fill bottles for blessings.

• The Wall of Wishes, where people leave notes and prayers.

Declared a holy site by the Vatican, the House of the Virgin Mary attracts Christian and Muslim pilgrims alike and offers a peaceful retreat from the ruins of Ephesus.

The Terrace Houses: A Glimpse into Roman Luxury

For a deeper look at daily life in Ephesus, don’t miss the Terrace Houses, a collection of well-preserved Roman homes featuring elaborate mosaics, colorful frescoes, and advanced plumbing systems.

What Makes Them Fascinating?

• These homes belonged to Ephesus’ wealthiest residents, offering insight into elite Roman life.

• Multistory architecture—some homes had up to three floors!

• Intricate floor mosaics and wall paintings, showing Roman artistry at its finest.

Though not included in the standard entrance ticket, the Terrace Houses are well worth the extra fee for those interested in Roman architecture and daily life.

Visiting Ephesus: Practical Travel Tips

How to Get to Ephesus

• By air: The nearest airport is Izmir Adnan Menderes Airport (ADB), about 50 km from Selçuk.

• By train: A convenient train route connects Izmir to Selçuk, just a short ride from Ephesus.

• By car/bus: Many visitors rent a car or take a guided tour from Izmir, Kusadasi, or Istanbul.

Best Time to Visit

• Spring (April-May) and Autumn (September-October) offer mild weather and fewer crowds.

• Summer (June-August) can be extremely hot—visit early in the morning to avoid the heat!

What to Bring

✔️ Comfortable walking shoes (the site is vast and mostly uneven stone paths).

✔️ Sun protection (hat, sunglasses, and sunscreen, especially in summer).

✔️ Water and snacks (limited facilities inside).

Conclusion: Ephesus, A Timeless Treasure

Ephesus is more than just an archaeological site—it is a testament to the grandeur and ingenuity of ancient civilizations. Whether you’re standing before the Library of Celsus, marveling at the Great Theatre, or walking along Curetes Street, you are stepping into a world that once thrived with culture, commerce, and intellect.

A journey to Ephesus is a journey through time, history, and wonder—one that leaves an unforgettable impression on every traveler.

Are You Planning a Visit to Ephesus?

Let me know if you need itineraries, guided tour recommendations, or hidden gems to make your trip even more special!